Introduction ……………………………………………………...…………..…… 3
1. Determiners ………………………………………………………...……..…… 4
2. Modifiers ……………………………………………………………..…...…… 7
3. Quantifiers…………………………………………….………………..……....10
Conclusion ………………………………………………….…………………….13
Glossary …………………….……………………………….……..………..……14
List of References …………………………………………………………..…… 15
Читать дальше
Determiners - words or phrases that precede a noun or noun phrase and serve to express its relation in the sense - play an important role in English grammar. The definite and indefinite articles are the most common of these, the and a (n). Other English determiners include demonstratives like this and that, possessives like my and the boy's, and quantifiers like all, many and three.
The language used to refer to determiners in accounts of English grammar is very varied. The phrase is often not used at all and apart frоm the articles, the terms classified here as determiners are classified as adjectives. A wide view of what constitutes a determiner is taken in the present article; it includes the articles and words and phrases that may replace them, as well as words and phrases that function as quantifiers. This means that determiners as understood here include terms frоm the class of determiners, such as the, this, my, and many, as well as nominal possessives (John's, the tall boy's), and other phrases such as more than three, almost all, and this size that define or quantify.
Notice that the position of pronouns can also be played by several terms or phrases that serve as determiners; for example, the word all is a determiner in All men phrases are equal and I know all the laws, but a pronoun that ends well in All's well. There is a similar but different pronoun form in other cases; for instance, the determiners my and none have the corresponding pronouns mine and none.
Determiners that consist of phrases can be called determiner phrases rather than single words, but this should generally be avoided because the term is often used to refer to a noun phrase headed by a determiner phrase (see Determiner phrase). Phrasal determinators are an alternative concept.
Читать дальше
1. According to the OED (Second Edition), the word determiner was first used in its grammatical sense by Leonard Bloomfield in 1933.
2. Bangor Daily News 20 Jan 1978. Reprinted with discussion in Merriam-Webster's Dictionary of English Usage p. 315.
3. Bernstein, Theodore M. Miss Thistlebottom's Hobgoblins, p. 51. The Noonday Press, New York, 1971. ISBN 0-374-52315-0.
4. Huddleston, Rodney; Pullum, Geoffrey K. (2002). The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-43146-8.
5. Kahn, John Ellison and Robert Ilson, Eds. The Right Word at the Right Time: A Guide to the English Language and How to Use It, pp. 27–29. London: The Reader's Digest Association Limited, 1985. ISBN 0-276-38439-3.
6. Matthews, P.H. (2014). The concise Oxford dictionary of linguistics (3rd ed.). Oxford [u.a.]: Oxford Univ. Press. ISBN 9780199675128.
7. McArthur, Tom, ed. The Oxford Companion to the English Language, pp. 752-753. Oxford University Press, 1992, ISBN 0-19-214183-X The dangling modifier or participle
8. Merriam Webster's dictionary of English Usage p. 315, Merriam-Webster, 1995
10. The Least You Should Know about English p. 134, Wilson and Glazier, Cengage Learning, 2008
9. Nemoto, Naoko (2005). "On Mass Denotations of Bare Nouns in Japanese and Korean" (PDF). Linguistics: 383.
10. Progovac, Ljiljana (Mar 1998). "Determiner Phrase in a Language without Determiners". Journal of Linguistics. 34 (1): 166. JSTOR 4176455.
11. Runner, Jeffrey T.; Kaiser, Elsi (2005). "Binding in Picture Noun Phrases: Implications for Binding Theory" (PDF). In Müller, Stefan (ed.). Proceedings of the HPSG05 Conference. Lisbon: CSLI Publications. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.588.7351.
12. Theodore M. Bernstein, The Careful Writer: A Modern Guide to English Usage (New York: Atheneum, 1985), 128.
13. Wilson Follett, Modern American Usage: A Guide (New York: Hill and Wang, 1966), 117. Strunk and White, 13.
14. The American Heritage Book of English Usage: A Practical and Authoritative Guide to Contemporary English. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. 1996. p. 1. ISBN 0-395-76785-7.
15. Van de Velde, Freek (March 2010). "The emergence of the determiner in the Dutch NP" (PDF). Linguistics. 48 (2): 263–299. doi:10.1515/ling.2010.009.
Читать дальше