Thus, in this work, in accordance with the main goal: to study the features of the use of the past tense in the novel by F.S. Fitzgerald "This Side of Paradise", the following tasks were solved:
1. The philosophical and grammatical basis for studying the system of tenses of the verb is analyzed.
2. The development of the means of expressing the forms of the past tense in English is considered.
3. The semantics of the means of the grammatical category of the past tense in English has been studied and described;
4. The specifics of the use of the past tense in the novel by F.S. Fitzgerald "This Side of Paradise"
5. Conclusions are drawn based on the study.
In the first chapter "Grammatical categories of aspect and tense" the philosophical and grammatical understanding of time was studied, the tense system of the English verb in the first grammars of the English language was determined, and the past tense in English was studied.
The second chapter is devoted to the analysis of the use of the past tense in the novel by F.S. Fitzgerald "This Side of Paradise", it presents the style of Francis Scott Fitzgerald, and also analyzes the use of the past tense in F. Fitzgerald's novel "This Side of Paradise".
In the future, the study plans to further study the specifics of the use of the past tense in other novels by F.S. Fitzgerald.
The results of the work can be used in the study of theoretical courses "History of English Literature" and "Stylistics of the English Language", at practical classes on exchange rate "Analytical reading", a also in quality example analysis artistic works with goal stimulate further research in this direction.
In the minds of contemporaries, Francis Scott Fitzgerald was not just a writer, but a living legend, the embodiment of the spirit of the times, the idol of American youth in the 20s of the last century. The reputation of a brilliant spokesman for those worldviews that reigned in America in the 1920s was forever entrenched in him, and even today critics continue to call him a “boom child”, “son of the prosperity era”, “laureate of the jazz age”. The basis for such definitions was not only the works of the writer, but also his life itself, which evolved in accordance with the standards of the time. Fitzgerald touched upon in his works post-war sentiments of bitterness and disappointment in the spiritual values of the past, which were caused by the unstable economic and political situation of that time, as well as the inconsistency of moral principles.
Fitzgerald's first major work is in many ways a naive, unevenly written novel of «free composition», however, the reader will remember the sincerity of the reflection of the history of the American generation of the «Jazz Age», the description of the «lost generation». Mature Fitzgerald will repeatedly emphasize the shortcomings of his novel and, having come to a different manner of narration (post-Floberian style of writing), to the novel of «selеction», he will «protest against the formlessness» of his first novels («This Side of Paradise» and «The Beautiful and the Damned») writing The Great Gatsby five years later.
Currently, the works of famous writers of the first half of the 20th century, describing the fate and psychological problems of young people of the “Lost Generation”, are still relevant. Francis Scott Fitzgerald is an American writer, a prominent representative of the so-called «Lost Generation» in literature. His works reflect the post-war mood of bitterness and disappointment in the spiritual values of the past, caused by the unstable situation in the society of that time, as well as the inconsistency of the principles and values of the capitalist society. Fitzgerald, like all representatives of the Lost Generation, rebelled against bourgeois traditions.
In his first novel, This Side of Paradise, published in 1920 when the author was twenty-three years old, F. Scott Fitzgerald announced the major themes of his total work. The novel reveals that Fitzgerald had an early grasp of his essential material although he had not yet learned to exploit it expertly. In some ways his first novel is the most instructive of his four completed novels: here he nakedly and naively exposed his themes before his increased sophistication shaped his insights into the more impressive configurations of The Great Gatsby (1925) and Tender Is the Night(1934). In Amory Blaine, hero of This Side of Paradise, we can see the child who is father to the later men. and in his dilemmas we find the compelling themes of Fitzgerald’s work.
All of Fitzgerald’s heroes, his “brothers” as he called them, frоm Amory Blaine to Dick Diver, were men concerned with fashioning a code or sustaining a belief, and, most important, all feel the restraints of the American Puritan heritage. Like Nick Carraway, the narrator in The Great Gatsby, they are men full of “interior rules” whose sources lie in the moral codes of American life previous to World War I. Despite the impact of the first World War on sexual mores and drinking, and the fact that, according to Amory, “four men have discovered Paris to one that discovered God,” he remains a conscience and guilt-ridden character. Fitzgerald said of himself that his was a New England conscience raised in Minnesota: Midwest-born, Minnesota-raised Amory is Fitzgerald’s fictional counterpart. “Now a confession will have to be made,” wrote Fitzgerald early in This Side of Paradise, “Amory had rather a Puritan conscience. Not that he yielded to it—later in life he nearly completely slew it—but at fifteen it made him consider himself a great deal worse than other boys…” The important word here is “nearly,” both for Amory and for Fitzgerald himself. There is no evidence in the novel that Amory triumphed over, much less slew, his Puritan conscience. Indeed, it is that very conscience that shapes his imagination and his vision of reality and prepares him for a series of disillusionments.
However, it is important that the writer's work was not limited to anti-war topics. His works touch upon deep moral and ethical problems, as well as the problems of the relationship between people in post-war bourgeois society. The great artist of human souls managed to subtly describe the depth of tragedy and moral torment of his heroes. As a result of this study, we came to the conclusion that in the novels «This Side of Paradise» and «Tender is the Night» these problems are most widely disclosed. «This Side of Paradise» and «Tender is the Night» are pronounced social novels. The era, as well as the events that are described in the works, have a direct and vital relation to the fate of not only the writer himself, but the entire society as a whole.
With the help of unique female images that reflect the lifestyle of typical flappers, Fitzgerald showed how dangerous, and at the same time, disastrous for a person can be a lifestyle imposed on him, in which happiness is artificially identified with material success and all spiritual and moral values ??are subordinated to religion. wealth. Moreover, Rosalind Connage and Nicole Diver are the embodiment of that destructive force that destroys a pure, intelligent, honest and creative person - the bourgeoisie. It should be emphasized that «wealth» for Fitzgerald was not so much an economic as an ethical category. The writer was deeply aware of the foreignness of the «richest» among ordinary Americans. He understood that wealth qualitatively changes a person, turns him into a soulless servant of the bourgeoisie, deprives him of elementary human feelings and manifestations.
He is disappointed in love, in work, even in the «hundred false fictions» that he meets in English literature. «Without God in his heart and with chaos in his thoughts,» the narrator leaves Emory to continue developing the image of a «romantic egoist» in the second novel, The Beautiful and the Damned (Anthony Patch, the main character, is in many ways the same Emory a few years later).
As a realist writer, Fitzgerald retained a close connection to the romantic tradition of American literature. Like the American romantics, he explores in detail the inner world of an individual in novels, trying to understand the particular and the general in their unity.
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2022 год
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